Akụkọ

Ugbu a, enwere ihe karịrị ngwaọrụ ahụike 10,000 n'ụwa niile. 1 Mba ga-etinyerịrị nchekwa ndị ọrịa ụzọ ma hụ na ịnweta ngwaọrụ ahụike dị elu, nchekwa yana dị irè. 2,3 Ahịa ngwaọrụ ahụike Latin America na-aga n'ihu na-eto n'oke uto kwa afọ. Mba Latin America na Caribbean kwesịrị ibubata ihe karịrị 90% nke ngwaọrụ ahụike n'ihi na mmepụta na ọkọnọ nke ngwaọrụ ọgwụ na mpaghara na-erughị 10% nke mkpokọta ihe ha chọrọ.
Argentina bụ obodo nke abụọ kachasị na Latin America na-esote Brazil. N'ihe dị ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 49, ọ bụ obodo nke anọ ndị mmadụ bi na mpaghara4, yana akụ na ụba nke atọ kachasị ukwuu na-esote Brazil na Mexico, yana nnukwu ngwaahịa mba (GNP) ruru ijeri US $ 450. Ego onye Argentina na-enweta kwa afọ bụ US $ 22,140, ​​otu n'ime ndị kasị elu na Latin America. 5
Edemede a bu n'obi ịkọwapụta ikike sistemụ ahụike Argentina yana netwọkụ ụlọ ọgwụ ya. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ na-enyocha nhazi, ọrụ, na njirimara nhazi nke usoro nhazi ngwaọrụ ahụike Argentine na mmekọrịta ya na Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur). N'ikpeazụ, na-atụle ọnọdụ macroeconomic na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Argentina, ọ na-achịkọta ohere azụmahịa na ihe ịma aka nke ahịa ngwá ọrụ Argentine na-anọchi anya ugbu a.
E kewara usoro nlekọta ahụike Argentina ụzọ atọ: ọha, nchekwa ọha na nzuzo. Ngalaba ọha na eze na-agụnye ministri mba na mpaghara, yana netwọk nke ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike, na-enye ọrụ ahụike n'efu nye onye ọ bụla chọrọ nlekọta ahụike n'efu, n'ụzọ bụ isi ndị na-erughị eru maka nchekwa mmadụ na enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ. Ntinye ego gbasara ego na-enye ego maka usoro nlekọta ahụike ọha na eze, ma na-anata ụgwọ mgbe niile site na nchekwa nchekwa ọha iji nye ndị mmekọ ya ọrụ.
Usoro nchekwa nchekwa ọha bụ iwu, dabere na "obra sociales" (atụmatụ ahụike otu, OS), na-ahụ maka na inye ndị ọrụ na ezinụlọ ha ọrụ nlekọta ahụike. Onyinye sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ na ndị were ha n'ọrụ na-akwado ọtụtụ OS, ha na-arụkwa ọrụ site na nkwekọrịta ha na ndị na-ere ahịa nkeonwe.
Usoro nkeonwe gụnyere ndị ọkachamara ahụike na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike na-agwọ ndị ọrịa nwere nnukwu ego, ndị ga-erite uru OS na ndị na-ejide mkpuchi onwe. Usoro subsystem a tinyekwara ụlọ ọrụ inshọransị afọ ofufo a na-akpọ ụlọ ọrụ inshọransị "ọgwụ akwụgoro akwụgoro". Site na ego mkpuchi, ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ezinụlọ na ndị were n'ọrụ na-enye ego maka ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị ahụike akwụgoro ụgwọ. Ụlọ ọgwụ ọha nke Argentine 7 bụ 51% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọgwụ ya niile (ihe dị ka 2,300), ọkwa nke ise n'etiti mba Latin America nwere ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akwa ụlọ ọgwụ bụ akwa 5.0 kwa 1,000 bi na ya, nke dị elu karịa nkezi nke 4.7 na mba Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Na mgbakwunye, Argentina nwere otu n'ime ndị dọkịta kacha elu n'ụwa, yana 4.2 kwa 1,000 bi, gafere OECD 3.5 na nkezi Germany (4.0), Spain na United Kingdom (3.0) na mba ndị ọzọ dị na Europe. 8
Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) depụtarala Argentine National Food, Drug and Medical Technology Administration (ANMAT) dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa ọkwa anọ, nke pụtara na ọ nwere ike iji ya na US FDA. ANMAT na-ahụ maka ilekọta na ịhụ na arụmọrụ, nchekwa na ịdị elu nke ọgwụ, nri na ngwaọrụ ahụike. ANMAT na-eji usoro nhazi ihe egwu dabere na nke ejiri na European Union na Canada na-ahụ maka ikike, ndebanye aha, nleba anya, nleba anya na ego nke ngwaọrụ ahụike na mba niile. ANMAT na-eji nhazi nke dabeere na ihe ize ndụ, nke na-ekewa ngwaọrụ ahụike n'ime ụzọ anọ dabere na ihe ize ndụ ndị nwere ike ime: Klas I-ihe ize ndụ kacha nta; Klas II-ọkara ihe ize ndụ; Klas III-ihe ize ndụ dị elu; na Klas IV-n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu. Onye nrụpụta mba ofesi ọ bụla chọrọ ire ngwaọrụ ahụike na Argentina ga-ahọpụtarịrị onye nnọchi anya mpaghara ka ọ nyefee akwụkwọ achọrọ maka usoro ndebanye aha. Mgbapụta infusion, mgbapụta sirinji na mgbapụta nri (mgbapụta nri) dị ka akụrụngwa ọgwụ IIb, ga-ebunye na MDR ọhụrụ site na 2024
Dịka ụkpụrụ ndebanye aha ngwaọrụ ahụike siri dị, ndị nrụpụta ga-enwerịrị ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara ma ọ bụ onye nkesa debanyere aha ya na Ministri Ahụike Argentine iji soro na Omume nrụpụta kacha mma (BPM). Maka ngwaọrụ ahụike klaasị III na klaasị IV, ndị nrụpụta ga-edozi nsonaazụ nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ iji gosipụta nchekwa na ịdị irè nke ngwaọrụ ahụ. ANMAT nwere ụbọchị ọrụ 110 iji nyochaa akwụkwọ ahụ wee nye ikike kwekọrọ; maka ngwaọrụ ahụike Class I na Class II, ANMAT nwere ụbọchị ọrụ 15 iji nyochaa na kwado. Ndebanye aha ngwaọrụ ahụike dị irè maka afọ ise, onye nrụpụta nwere ike imelite ya ụbọchị 30 tupu agwụla. Enwere usoro ndebanye aha dị mfe maka ndozi na asambodo ndebanye aha ANMAT nke ngwaahịa ụdị III na IV, a na-enye nzaghachi n'ime ụbọchị ọrụ 15 site na nkwupụta nnabata. Onye nrụpụta ga-ewetakwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ngwa ahịa gara aga na mba ndị ọzọ. 10
Ebe ọ bụ na Argentina bụ akụkụ nke Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur) - mpaghara azụmaahịa mejuru Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay na Uruguay - a na-atụ ụtụ maka ngwaọrụ ahụike niile ebubatara dịka Mercosur Common External Tariff (CET). Ọnụego ụtụ isi sitere na 0% ruo 16%. N'ihe gbasara ngwaọrụ ahụike emezigharịrị ebubata, ọnụego ụtụ isi sitere na 0% ruo 24%. 10
Ọrịa COVID-19 enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na Argentina. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 N'afọ 2020, nnukwu ngwaahịa mba ahụ dara site na 9.9%, mbelata kasị ukwuu n'ime afọ 10. N'agbanyeghị nke a, akụ na ụba ụlọ n'afọ 2021 ka ga-egosi enweghị oke akụ na ụba macroeconomic: n'agbanyeghị njikwa ọnụ ahịa gọọmentị, ọnụego ọnụ ahịa kwa afọ na 2020 ka ga-adị elu dị ka 36%. 6 N'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke onu oriri na ndakpọ akụ na ụba, ụlọ ọgwụ Argentine abawanyela ịzụrụ ihe ndị bụ isi na ngwá ọrụ ahụike pụrụ iche na 2020. Mmụba na ịzụrụ ngwá ọrụ ahụike pụrụ iche na 2020 site na 2019 bụ: 17
N'otu oge ahụ site na 2019 ruo 2020, ịzụrụ akụrụngwa ahụike bụ isi n'ụlọ ọgwụ Argentine abawanyela: 17
N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2019, a ga-enwe mmụba n'ọtụtụ ụdị akụrụngwa ọgwụ dị oke ọnụ na Argentina na 2020, ọkachasị n'afọ mgbe a kagburu ma ọ bụ yigharịrị usoro ịwa ahụ chọrọ akụrụngwa ndị a n'ihi COVID-19. Amụma maka 2023 na-egosi na ọnụego uto kwa afọ (CAGR) nke akụrụngwa ahụike ọkachamara ga-abawanye: 17
Argentina bụ obodo nwere usoro ahụike agwakọtara, yana ndị na-ahụ maka nlekọta ahụike ọha na nke steeti na-achịkwa. Ahịa ngwaọrụ ahụike ya na-enye ohere azụmaahịa mara mma n'ihi na Argentina kwesịrị ibubata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa ọgwụ niile. N'agbanyeghị njikwa ego siri ike, ọnụ ahịa dị elu na ntinye ego nke mba ọzọ dị ala, 18 dị elu ugbu a maka ngwá ọrụ ahụike na-ebubata na nke pụrụ iche, usoro nhazi usoro nhazi ezi uche dị na ya, ọzụzụ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu nke ndị ọkachamara ahụike Argentine, na ikike ụlọ ọgwụ dị mma nke obodo a na-eme Argentina ebe mara mma maka ndị na-emepụta ngwaọrụ ahụike chọrọ ịgbasa akara ukwu ha na Latin America.
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Julio G. Martinez-Clark bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke bioaccess, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ịnweta ahịa nke na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ngwaọrụ ahụike iji nyere ha aka ime nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ n'oge na ịzụ ahịa ihe ọhụrụ ha na Latin America. Julio bụkwa onye ọbịa nke pọdkastị ndị ndu LATAM Medtech: mkparịta ụka kwa izu ya na ndị isi Medtech na-aga nke ọma na Latin America. Ọ bụ onye so na bọọdụ ndụmọdụ nke mmemme mmeghari ohuru nke Mahadum Stetson. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na injinịa eletrọnịkị na nzere masta na nchịkwa azụmahịa.